Greatest Good for the Greatest Number essays

Greatest Good for the Greatest Number essays The Greatest Good for the Greatest Number Bentham is remembered both as a pioneer of social science and as an advocate of administrative and legal reform. The reforms in which he pressed for were directed towards his four ends of good government: subsistence (a means of providing oneself with the necessities of life, bare necessities, Websters 1992), abundance, security, and equality. Benthams ideas on legislation were taught through a circle of pupils and disciples that believed in guaranteed employment, minimum wages, and a variety of social benefits (Akamac). Bentham published Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation (1789) in which he argued that the proper objective of all conduct and legislation is the greatest happiness of the greatest number and that pain and pleasure are the sovereign masters governing mans conduct (Spartacus). Bentham, also being a proponent of utilitarianism (doctrine that states that the moral and political rightness of an action is determined by its utility, Websters 1992) believed that the determining factor of a moral action is based on whether the action contributes to the good of society. The easiest approach to take on this is that in situations where one must decide between a good for an individual and a good for society, then society should prevail, despite the wrong being done to an individual. This is because generally the utility or good derived from that action outweighs the small amount of harm done because the harm is done only to one whereas the good is multiplied by the many who benefit (Pollock, 33). Another approach to help explain this theory would be if there were an individual with a newly discovered disease that could prove to be a major threat to society. Because this individual is the only known human carrier of this disease, should this person be quarantined in order t ...

APA Style Template Avoiding Plagiarism in Papers Reports

APA Style Template Avoiding Plagiarism in Papers Reports When you write a report, you want to make sure that its in the correct format. In the business world, presentation is everything, and you want to make sure that you are presenting your data in the correct format. Likewise, you will want to ensure that all academic papers you create are structurally sound and grammatically correct. One of the pitfalls of writing is accidental plagiarism. With sloppy citation, you can create a bastion of problems that can undermine your research. You will want to conform your writing to the APA style, using APA style citation. With an APA style template, you are able to quickly and easily format your reports and academic papers. Using an APA style template, you simply enter the information you intend to use, and the formatting is taken care of instantly. In fact, you can insert frequently used citations, using APA software that will store your sources for easy insertion into your APA style template. The Importance of an APA Style Template The importance of correct citations is immeasurable. When you pass off other peoples quotations and work as your own, you undermine the confidence of the reader. You want to make sure that you are presenting a scrupulous report, and citing all necessary sources.

Megaloblastic anaemias Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Megaloblastic anaemias - Essay Example An absence of this factor is the most cause of pernicious (megaloblastic anemia).Children inherits this condition, when this condition happens low level of factors produce symptom of juvenile pernicious anemia in the children's less than age of 10. (Intelihealth). Nyhans syndrome or Lesch-Nhyan syndrome is a disroder that is caused the deficiency of an enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phophoribosyltransferase(HGPRT). Lack of this enzyme, the human body to restrict the utilization of vitamin B12 leading to megaloblastic anemia. (Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome). Apart from cobalamin and folate deficiency, the molecular basis for the megaloblastic anemia is in the failure in the syntheisis and assembly of DNA. (Megaloblastic anemia). Other causes unclude cytotoxic drugs that interfere with DNA synthesis. Alcoholosim, preganancy, fish tapeworm infestation, faliure to replicate chromosomes due to lack of the nucletide thymidine and the disrution of intestinal flora due to antibiotic uses are some of the other causes of megaloblastic anemia. (Megaloblastic anemia). Anecdotal evidence suggests that in all cases of megaloblastic anaemia caused by deficiency of Vitamin B12 or folate, the patients will have an elevated MCV and a high HDW (Siemens, 2007). In cases of chemotherapy induced macrocytosis, the patients should have a normal or raised HDW (Siemens, 2007). ... The tests that are used to diagnose megaloblastic anemia primarily are routine tests like a blood test which included both complete blood count (hemoglobin and hemocrit) (Perinicous anemia). Very large oval blood cells and the presence of abnormally shaped neutrophils are indication of megaloblastic anemia. The physician enquires about complete medical history and physical examination, diagnostic procedure for the disorder. The physical exam include: 1) checking for pale or yellowish skin and a red and smooth tongue; 2) Listening of the heart to check the rapid heartbeat or murmur; 3) feeling the abdomen to check the size of the liver. (Pernicous anemia) Vital tests are also done to check the vitamin B12 level, folic acid. Homocysteine is high in anemia due to lack of cobalamin. The level of methymalonic acid is also high in anemia due to lack of vitamin B12 or folate. Other blood tests include the presence of intrinsic factor antibodies and parietal cell antibodies. The levels of bilirubin, potassium or cholesterol in the blood are also confirmed. The serum iron and the iron binding capacity are also checked. Reticulocytes count is also checked to conform if the bone marrow is producing RBCs at a proper rate. The reticulocyte number is low in patients suffering from Pernicious anemia. (Pernicous anemia) A schilling test is one of the very important tests that are being carried out in patients with this disorder. This test is done to detect the vitamin B12 absorption. Cobalamin levels are measured after the ingestion of radioactive Vitamin B12. In a normal scenario, the ileum absorbs more than the body and excreted out in urine but when a patient has megaloblastic anemia, he